CASTELLANO GALEGO ENGLISH
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by Martín Cuesta and Iván Villarmea

The idea of creating a space in which all of us whose job it is to write or talk about cinema could put together a film programme at different festivals across Spain arose in these parts a little more than a year ago. A film critics’ association, the Asociación Convergencias de la Crítica Cinematográfica, was born, with the strongly-held belief that the task of analysing films, regardless of the medium in which it is undertaken, should not only be based on the creation of texts or radio or TV programmes – the classic task of the critic – but also about establishing a closer relationship with the audience, by selecting films for them, challenging them and, above all, inviting them to discover films outside of the commercial market. The first time we were able to put these ideas into practice was at the Gijón International Film Festival, where we put together a programme of five films, with the support of other critics, in the Convergencias (“Convergences”) section. The success of this experience encouraged us to put forward the idea of a similar space at this new edition of Play-Doc, with the added twist of choosing from the field of non-fiction. Thus Resonancias (“Resonances”) was born, a section which was very warmly welcomed by our colleagues, who proposed around thirty films, with each candidate being even more interesting than the previous one. In our choices, we have placed greater weight on the best-argued proposals and the most interesting films from our (fallible) point of view, while also thinking about the links between them.

For example, Double Happiness (Ella Raidel, 2014), proposed by Hanna Hatzmann, questions the connection between architecture and identity in this era in which any structure, even a whole town, can be reproduced anywhere in the world.

In contrast with this latter trend, the short film from Israel proposed by Andrea Franco, The Policeman's House (Mich'ael Zupraner, 2013), highlights the importance of the local. In this film, a Palestinian house, owned by an Arab and lived in by a Jew, becomes a sad metaphor for a conflict based on the antagonism between two identities. To whom does this house belong to, to the Arabs or the Jews? Meanwhile, 1960 (Rodrigo Areias, 2012), the feature film which completes Andrea Franco’s double session, undertakes a more abstract, more ontological reflection on space and architecture: the filmmaker Rodrigo Areias follows in the footsteps of the architect Fernando Távora by means of the travel diary that Távora wrote while he travelled the world.

Areias’s footage was shot in 2012, but the decision to film in Super 8, imitating the texture of home movies from the 1970s, creates the illusion that we are seeing footage shot by Távora himself.

In the same way, Quand je serai dictateur (Yaël André, 2013), the film made up of found footage and proposed by Mari Carmen Fúnez, uses a similar effect: the Belgian filmmaker Yaël André provides a new reading of these images of the past by re-editing them, thereby highlighting the expressive possibilities of celluloid and showcasing the potential value of the huge amount of home movies out there.

All of these issues come together in Double Play: James Benning and Richard Linklater (Gabe Klinger, 2013), the final film in this section. In this documentary, the critic has not proposed a film, but has actually made it himself; he does not write about a filmmaker, but actually goes to meet a filmmaker in order to make his own film; and he does not analyse the work of one filmmaker, but that of two, James Benning and Richard Linklater, establishing a series of points in common between them, things which also appear in the films by Ella Raidel, Mich'ael Zupraner, Rodrigo Areias and Yaël André: the interest in the identity of places and, especially, the spirit of the time.

Sobre cómo el mundo se repite esencialmente en cada parte

por Hanna Hatzmann

Resulta una de esas coincidencias de la vida que en el mismo momento en el que abandono mi ciudad (Viena) y mi país (Austria) para mudarme a Berlin, Resonancias me invite a reflexionar sobre la producción documental de mi país de origen. Esta mezcla entre cerca y lejos me une a Ella Raidel (Gmunden, 1970), la autora de Double Happiness (2014), la película que me gustaría proponer. Raidel es, como yo, un Stahlstadtkinder (1) que mira lo propio, lo íntimo, desde la perspectiva de los que se han ido, sólo para descubrir que el mundo se repite esencialmente en cada parte. Quizás por eso no me sorprenda que con su mirada distante, en una especie de juego de espejos, logre detectar extraños parentescos entre China y el país alpino de Sissi y Sonrisas y Lágrimas, de las Mozartkugeln (‘Bolas de Mozart’) y los pueblos pintorescos como Hallstatt, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1997.

Hallstatt es precisamente el escenario central de Double Happiness, primer largometraje de Ella Raidel. La película se centra en el extraño caso del robo de identidad de un pueblo entero: la víctima, el mismo Hallstatt; el delincuente, una multinacional china que ha reconstruido el pueblo austriaco casi a escala 1:1 en un gigantesco proyecto inmobiliario al borde de un lago artificial. Esta réplica del pueblo está rodeada de single homes al estilo alpino, que pronto serán casas de nuevos ricos chinos deseosos de lucir su bienestar con un estilo de vida europeo.

Monika Wenger, la propietaria del Hotel Grüner Baum del centro de Hallstatt, se dio cuenta por casualidad de este robo mientras observaba a una de sus huéspedes hacer dibujos detallados de frontones y balcones. Su reacción, tal y como se muestra en la película, combina a la vez sentimientos de indignación y fascinación: "¿Hasta dónde hemos llegado si es posible reproducir un pueblo entero sin que nadie se de cuenta?". En la era del capitalismo globalizado, está claro que la hipermodernidad ha alcanzado dimensiones dis/utópicas sin precedente en la China actual.

Esta indignación fue compartida por muchos habitantes de Hallstatt, orgullosos de sus orígenes, y también por los medios de comunicación, pero no duró mucho. De hecho, el título de la película, ‘Double Happiness’, es una expresión china que hace alusión al matrimonio: la felicidad se duplica cuando se comparte. Así, el simulacro de Hallstatt regaló al Hallstatt auténtico una marea de turistas chinos sin fin que, a pesar de la reconstrucción, quieren ver ‘el pueblo más bello del mundo’ con sus propios ojos, de modo que hace tiempo que ambos pueblos se hicieron ciudades hermanadas: como se puede ver en la película, el alcalde de Hallstatt viaja incluso a China, junto a la banda de música del pueblo y un equipo de la televisión, para asistir a la inauguración de su réplica oriental.

De forma muy estilizada, pensada y sin juzgar, Ella Raidel juega con la percepción de los espectadores y los invita a moverse por un laberinto de espejos que nos permite ver cada vez nuevos cruces híbridos entre China y Austria: guirnaldas chinas en una terraza austriaca, carteles chinos en un hotel de estilo alpino, turistas chinos vestidos con trajes regionales austriacos en la plaza de la iglesia... ¿Estamos en Hallstatt 1 o en Hallstatt 2? ¿Si un pueblo vive del turismo de masas, sigue siendo ‘auténtico’ o se convierte en su propia parodia, en un escenario podrido para proyecciones de otros? Estas mismas preguntas son una variación contemporánea de las que hacía en su momento la Piefke Saga (1990-1993), una miniserie muy popular de la televisión pública austriaca en la que el escritor Felix Mitterer nos muestra como el turismo de invierno masivo de los años ochenta, procedente sobre todo de Alemania, y la codicia de los elites locales acabó convirtiendo a un pueblo de montaña tirolés en un simulacro absurdo de sí mismo, con sus habitantes transformados en zombis vestidos con traje regional y cantando a la tirolesa. Los efectos de cámara usados por Ella Raidel en Double Happiness subrayan claramente estas preguntas. La película, no obstante, no se limita a ser un cuestionamiento irónico de términos rancios y reacios como patria, patrimonio o identidad, sobre todo en relación al pasado histórico austriaco. A lo largo de sus 72 minutos, Double Happiness se convierte en una reflexión lúcida y experta sobre la China actual, en donde la revolución cultural ha hecho tabula rasa de la historia milenaria del país. Ella Raidel da así palabra a una urbanista crítica que explica que la pérdida de la memoria colectiva de una China rural ha despertado en los habitantes de las grandes urbes chinas un deseo enorme de autenticidad, de silencio y de aire limpio que los urbanistas satisfacen con proyecciones sobre el viejo continente, entendido como salvage paradigm en plena hipermodernidad poscapitalista.

A fin y al cabo, se trata de una nostalgia que a nosotros, los ‘modernos’ de Madrid, Barcelona, Viena o Berlin, nos debería resultar muy familiar en los tiempos de la slow food, el do it yourself, el consumo sostenible y el culto a lo auténtico. La diferencia se encuentra quizás en las dimensiones gigantescas que alcanzan en China estas nostalgias producidas por memorias obstinadas y utopías proyectadas al pasado. Porque, dicho sea de paso, Hallstatt no es el único ejemplo de duplitecture: alrededor de las metrópolis chinas surgen varios parises, florencias, londres o escocias cada año. El logro de la película es que la fascinación que nos produce este fenómeno ajeno nos remite a nuestro propio universo, de forma que lo que parece exótico se vuelve, de repente, muy familiar.

(1) Stahlstadtkinder (‘Hijos de la ciudad de acero’) es el título de una canción emblemática de los años ochenta: Stahlstadt (‘ciudad de acero’) es el apodo de Linz, la tercera ciudad más grande de Austria, que durante muchos años ha tenido muy mala fama por la alta contaminación que ha causado la producción de acero, y hace referencia a la tradición obrera de la capital de Alta Austria. Al contrario que Salzburgo o Viena, Linz es una ciudad que no atrae a muchos turistas, dado que durante la guerra fue destrozada casi por completo, aunque tiene una escena cultural muy viva, sobre todo a nivel del arte digital (Ars Electronica Festival). (2) ‘Piefke’ es una palabra despectiva que utilizan los austriacos para referirse a los alemanes y que da prueba de la compleja relación entre ambos países.

DOUBLE HAPPINESS

Ella Raidel | 74' | 2014 | Austria-China

Director: Ella Raidel
Camera: Martin Putz
Editor: Karina Ressler
Producer: Peter Janecek
Sound: Wong Ka Ho
Music: Rudi Fischerlehner

Among the Chinese double happiness refers to the happiness that’s increased twofold when a couple decides to spend the rest of their lives together. Ella Raidel chose this beautiful and optimistic concept as the title of her first full-length documentary. But, calling it a documentary possibly isn’t fitting, and it’s certainly not like the conventional kind of report on globalization. On the contrary, this is an extremely pointed film essay made with a great deal of sensitivity and a fine touch.

Contacto: Sixpackfilm

QUAND JE SERAI DICTATEUR

por Mª Carmen Fúnez

Se pueden contar los recuerdos que tenemos del tiempo que hemos pasado junto a una persona de muchas maneras. Podemos recrearlos a partir de fotografías o vídeos de la persona en cuestión, de nuestros propios recuerdos de cómo sucedieron los hechos que aun siguen en nuestra memoria, o de la visión que terceros aportan objetivamente sobre lo sucedido. La directora belga Yaël André, sin embargo, ha optado por recordar a quien fuera su mejor amigo de la adolescencia George, realizando un documental de corte experimental con el que fundir sus sentimientos hacia él de una manera tan original como bella. André, quien menciona como referentes para su obra a genios de la narrativa cinematográfica más centrada en lo visual y en el sonido que en el diálogo como Jacques Tati o Buster Keaton, basa su obra en la combinación de la improvisación a la hora de ficcionar sus historias y la realidad de las imágenes que muestra.

En Quand Je Serai Dictateur, por un lado toma los recuerdos que tiene de George y los convierte en un cuento en el que se atreve a imaginar otras vidas, otros universos en los que ambos escapaban de una vida a veces aburrida, otras veces demasiado hostil, para ser por un momento quienes quisieran ser. Pudieron ser psicópatas o aventureros antes de que la realidad dejara que Yaël tuviera que seguir imaginando otras vidas en solitario. Por otro lado la directora recopila cientos de grabaciones anónimas en Súper 8, abandonadas por quienes las grabaron, y con ellas realiza un montaje que sirve de fondo a la historia de George sin necesidad de que esas imágenes formen parte de sus recuerdos y ni siquiera sean reflejo de ellos. Sobre estas imágenes acompañadas de temas musicales que casan a la perfección con ellas y con lo que se va contando, una voz en off va construyendo una serie de realidades paralelas a la vida de George y Yaël que poco a poco van derivando en posibilidades alternativas a lo que verdaderamente fue. En una de esas vidas paralelas, Yaël será Dios. Podrá manejar el tiempo a su antojo. Podrá rebobinar una y otra vez los momentos en los que la gente cree ser feliz y pasar a mayor velocidad la infelicidad de la que nunca se puede escapar.

André combina en su relato la metafísica, el amor, la filosofía y la ciencia ficción como base de lo que sucede dentro de la mente de quienes sueñan despiertos con otra realidad al margen de la que les ha tocado vivir. Quand Je Serai Dictateur es un canto a la amistad, una reflexión sobre la vida y la muerte, sobre las consecuencias de no saber ver en otros la necesidad que tienen de ser amados, de ser comprendidos; una evaluación de las potenciales existencias que pueden tener lugar en un mismo plano según nos crucemos en nuestra vida con unas personas o con otras, y un ensayo sobre la búsqueda infructuosa de la felicidad junto a personas que no pueden experimentarla. Y también es un ejercicio de imaginación con respecto a esas imágenes de vidas anónimas y abandonadas en cualquier mercadillo o trastero, que en algún momento pertenecieron y significaron algo importante para alguien. Pero por encima de todo, el documental es pura poesía audiovisual; una poesía libre, desprovista de reglas y patrones comunes pero no exenta de la capacidad de emocionar con cada uno de los elementos de que se compone.

QUAND JE SERAI DICTATEUR

Yaël André | 90' | 2013 | Belgium

Director, Script: Yaël André
Cinematographer: Didier Guillain
Producer: Yaël André (Morituri)
Music: Hughes Maréchal
Editor: Luc Plantier, Yaël André
Voice-over: Laurence Vielle

Cando eu sexa dictador is a “science fiction documentary” constructed from thousands of reels of amateur super 8 film. And if we were living other lives in other universes? Rather than being an inmensity of wasted space, the universe would suddenly be peopled with possibilities. There, I would be an adventurer, a psychopath, a perfect mother, an accountant or an invisible man… And you?

Contact: Morituri Films

THE POLICEMAN’S HOUSE, Mich’ael Zupraner | 1960, Rodrigo Areias

by Andrea Franco

The Policeman’s House is a film installation which divides the visual space up into three different planes: three opposing, complementary, alternating or simultaneous monitors. Some come on, some go off. On the left, a panoramic view; in the centre, a fixed view of the exterior; on the right, a recording which is about to begin showing. Then the order is inverted; or the focus is on a single image which comes to occupy the centre. Sometimes the three show a single divided image together – just like the city in which the action takes place, Hebron, the only Palestinian town with Jewish inhabitants.

In order to observe this disputed place, occupied by Israeli troops and riddled with military control posts, the author puts forwards a clash of visions: a triple point of view from conflicting angles. Mich’ael Zupraner, a Jewish Israeli, moves to the Jewish quarter of Tel Rumeida, on a hillside, and specifically into a house which had been home to a policeman during the Jordanian occupation of the area. The artist presents himself as a neutral visitor who is just coming back to revive this abandoned space and turn it into a artistic centre open to all; it is done in the spirit of conciliation between the two communities, Arab and Jewish, between which there is unbearable tension. But Zupraner carries a camera, an ever-vigilant eye, and he is soon the object of suspicion for the neighbours, who fear he is a spy for the Israeli government.

Over footage which seems as if it had been taken by security cameras, we hear the filmmaker’s voice telling us of the rumours circulating about his presence in the house and in the town. While filming himself in a mirror, he says that he feels like he is being watched; and he decides to show that he is Jewish and to try and fit in with the community surrounding him. So Zupraner disguises himself.

This film records something which is apparently real, but the filmmaker adds an element of fiction within the footage that we see. The artist lives amicably alongside Arabs and Jews – and also with the soldiers, as he can see his own house “from the angle at which he’s not allowed to film”. But in his own watchtower he takes on the de facto role of the policeman. But who is the policeman the title speaks of? Who are they? Because, we, on the other side, act like police officers: from our position, we are not voyeurs but spies; putting the film onto multiple screens turns the cinema into the cutting room, from where we seek out the guilty but without intervening. This might well be a reflection of the obliging attitude of the international community, which is a witness to the conflict from afar, but does not take sides. Life goes on in Hebron under the watchful eyes of the Israeli soldiers, and this film uses the city’s structure to talk about paranoia, suspicion and a land’s loss of identity. This feeds into the ambiguity of Zupraner’s own identity, who uses masks and false Jewish beards. Everything is suggestive of a state of our time: we see faces looking here and there, often without any other context, but in which conflicts of past and present can be glimpsed. The observer is observed, aware of the attention paid to him by those around him. Towards the end he asks himself, and us: “What will happen if they kill me? What will happen if I stay? What will happen if I go?” In fact, he is alluding to the deeper problem.

Also made up fragments is the film by Rodrigo Areias, a false map of world architecture. In 1960, the Portuguese architect Fernando Távora undertook a journey around the world, taking notes on the different buildings, landscapes and inhabitants of a range of cities often founded on myth. This travel diary was the starting point, but Távora’s impressions are soon revealed to be just an excuse for the filmmaker to undertake his own journey and make his own film.

1960 is a patchwork film, with the route taken defining its rhythm. We start out in the old town of Guimarães and the camera then moves to Amsterdam; and from there to somewhere in Scandinavia. The connection between them? Church spires, which together come together to form an image of medieval religious architecture in our minds. Such is our vision of the world: incomplete and reductionist, fragments of reality – barely an echo of the real thing. A disembodied voice tell us of Távora’s thoughts: “magazines operate on the basis of two terribly deceptive factors. First of all, the photographer, the man who chooses the most beautiful little parts of a building at the right time. Secondly, the best building, the best looked-after, the one whose architect has the biggest reputation… as if it were a prototype... when in fact it’s just an exception.” Originally, Rodrigo Areias wanted to incorporate the material from Távora’s journey – filmed in its entirety in Super 8mm and conceived of as an independent documentary – into a fictional story set around the buildings designed by the architect, in which a young filmmaker would be murdered. But then production hit a hitch and the documentary part of the project started to move towards being a free-standing film, as happens with many such works in progress, in which a feature sketched out within the film becomes the feature film itself. Such is the beauty of the quick sketch, the spontaneous note in the margin, the raw material. The story is all that remains of the architect’s journey, as the images now belong to the filmmaker. His documentary has become an essay on film, with the peculiar fact of there being not one voice, but two: the one who speaks and the one who sees. It is a film of layers, about cities Areias returns to again and again, mixed up which archive material from 1960…

The ironic voice of our guide on this journey is reminiscent of Balnearios (Mariano Llinás, 2001) and Los Angeles Plays Itself (Thom Andersen, 2003).

We jump from the Guggenheim in New York to the pyramids of Teotihuacan; from the Kremlin to the Copan building in Sao Paulo; from the Parthenon to the Pompidou; from Amsterdam to Taliesin…

Taliesin was the house of Frank Lloyd Wright. Areias arrives there on a cold day in the winter; everything is covered in snow. This was Fernando Távora’s greatest experience, as it was there that he finally understood the meaning of architecture. The house, integrated into the landscape, its proportions, the material used. “It is difficult to tell God’s work from man’s work. I was emotionally exhausted”, he wrote. From there we fly to Hawaii, the artificial paradise in which Távora found nothing of what was supposed to be there. Areias therefore uses some typical Hawaiian stereotypes - surf, cocktails, and Pacific dance. Idyllic found footage to represent the architect’s disappointment. And from there to Tokyo, a city in collage, like Times Square; an aggregation of symbols which lead towards meaninglessness. It is strange to see how Távora’s words seem just as appropriate now as they were then.

THE POLICEMAN’S HOUSE

Mich'ael Zupraner | 25' | 2013 | Israel-Palestina

Director, Writer, Cinematographer, Editor: Mich'ael Zupraner
Producer: Studio Zupraner
Sound: Binya Reches

The Policeman's house is provocatively constructed around Mich'ael Zupraner's precarious position as an Israeli Jew living in the Palestinian city of Hebron. The film shuffles three screens of video footage from Zupraner's personal home-movie archive, alternating a gaze looking out of and one looking into the house he co-shares and runs as an artist's centre open to all. In a continuous, ambivalent voice over, Zupraner relates a series of rumours, lies, and half-truths about his presence that circulate among his Arab and Jewish neighbours, reinforcing the multiplicity of his experience in a border zone between two communities in conflict.

Contact: Studio Zupraner

1960

Rodrigo Areias | 65' | 2013 | Portugal

Director, Producer, Cinematographer: Rodrigo Areias
Sound: Pedro Ribeiro, Pedro Marinho
Editor: Tomás Baltazar
Voice-over: Marcos Barbosa

1960 is a home movie in the form of a travel diary in Super 8mm. Intending, through architecture and with Fernando Tavora’s Travel Diary as its starting point, to depict the journey which the architect made in 1960

Contact: Bando a Parte